{"id":21081,"date":"2026-02-20T13:58:10","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T13:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cementindustrial.com\/?p=21081"},"modified":"2026-02-20T13:58:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T13:58:10","slug":"tai-sao-kim-loai-niken-trong-pin-lai-duoc-goi-la-kim-loai-cua-quy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cementindustrial.com\/vi\/nickel-metal-in-battery\/","title":{"rendered":"Niken trong pin: T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7"?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Niken\"<\/h2>\n

1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Niken<\/h2>\n

Niken, m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 . Ni<\/strong>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. \u201cKupfernickel\u201d<\/strong>, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3o Nick\u201d<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c "\u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3". C\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t cho n\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00ec khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3... kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, qu\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a asen, g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt cho th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf. Do nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ma qu\u1ef7, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7t danh... \u201cKim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef7.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m... 1751<\/strong> b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n Axel Fredrik Cronstedt<\/strong>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201ckupfernickel\u201d, Cronstedt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y. niken tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/strong> v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong luy\u1ec7n kim, v\u00ec niken sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong... S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 pin lithium-ion hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n
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    N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9a niken \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 Saxony. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng qu\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng xung quanh kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c Asen<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn khi x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u1eb7ng niken, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Cronstedt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tinh ch\u1ebf niken m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho ng\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n kim niken hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i?<\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra niken kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

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    1. \n

      S\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng niken<\/strong>v\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/strong>V\u00ec qu\u1eb7ng niken th\u00f4 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe do ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong> T\u1eeb niken, t\u1eeb luy\u1ec7n kim s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u1ebfn pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      2. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Niken<\/h2>\n

      \"T\u00ednh<\/p>\n

      Niken (Ni) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong... pin, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao niken l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong... pin lithium-ion h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      2.1 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n
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      1. \n

        \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i cao<\/strong><\/p>\n

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        • \n

          \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/strong>: 1453\u00b0C (2647\u00b0F)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i<\/strong>: 2913\u00b0C (5275\u00b0F)
          C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho niken tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, tua bin v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

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            T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/strong>: ~8,9 g\/cm\u00b3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Mohs<\/strong>: 4\u20134,5
            M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a niken mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong> D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a trong th\u00e9p v\u00e0 v\u1ecf pin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            T\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n

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            • \n

              Niken l\u00e0 s\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n kim lo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                Niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1n, k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eadp<\/strong> th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                T\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n xu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p kim<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                V\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                  \u00c1nh kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng nh\u1edd... kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  2.2 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n
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                  1. \n

                    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                      Niken t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong> trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n, g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m pin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                        Niken \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hydro h\u00f3a<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydro v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                          Niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/strong> Ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

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                          Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                            Niken ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm v\u1edbi axit, ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 halogen \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean... \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/strong>, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea1c-x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                              Niken l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf cao<\/strong>v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 681 t\u1ea5n niken tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              2.3 T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin<\/h3>\n

                              C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a niken khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean... kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong pin lithium-ion<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \n

                                M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao: C\u00e1c cat\u1ed1t gi\u00e0u niken l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              • \n

                                Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              • \n

                                T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              • \n

                                C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                2.4 B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Niken<\/h3>\n
                                \n
                                \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th>\nGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \/ M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n1453\u00b0C<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i<\/td>\n2913\u00b0C<\/td>\nKim lo\u1ea1i tuabin v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/td>\n8,9 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\nS\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n4\u20134,5 Mohs<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                T\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/td>\nT\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>\nT\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>\nTh\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, pin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/td>\nHydro h\u00f3a, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>\nH\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                M\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nCh\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, trang tr\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/td>\n~68% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/td>\nS\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                3. Niken trong pin v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7"<\/h2>\n

                                \"Niken<\/p>\n

                                Nickel \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t danh \u0111\u00f3. \u201cKim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef7\u201d<\/strong> v\u00ec n\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong x\u1eed l\u00fd, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan.<\/strong>Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, niken l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i... th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion<\/strong>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/strong> gi\u1ed1ng Pin NCM (Niken-Cobalt-Mangan) v\u00e0 NCA (Niken-Cobalt-Nh\u00f4m)<\/strong>, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                                3.1 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Niken trong Pin Li-ion<\/h3>\n

                                Niken ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cat\u1ed1t<\/strong> c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. \n

                                  M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                  • \n

                                    Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cho ph\u00e9p pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                  • \n

                                    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea1m vi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> V\u00e0 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                  • \n

                                    C\u00e1c cat\u1ed1t c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 NCM811 (80% Ni, 10% Co, 10% Mn)<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m xa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                  • \n

                                    Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o coban<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                    • \n

                                      Coban r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                    • \n

                                      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng coban<\/strong>, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                    • \n

                                      Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • \n

                                        Niken l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea1c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                      • \n

                                        Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec Pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/strong> n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        3.2 V\u00ec sao Niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7\u201d<\/h3>\n

                                        Bi\u1ec7t danh \u201cKim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef7\u201d ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn niken<\/strong>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin:<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. \n

                                          Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                          • \n

                                            Gi\u00e1 niken r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi Nhu c\u1ea7u xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                          • \n

                                            S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin<\/strong> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                          • \n

                                            Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \n

                                              Niken d\u00f9ng cho pin y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ef1c cao (>99,5%)<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              C\u1ea3 hai qu\u1eb7ng sunfua v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng laterit<\/strong> ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00edch ly axit \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (HPAL)<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng laterit.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              R\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn pin<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • \n

                                                Pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>, l\u00e0m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin (BMS)<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                              • \n

                                                X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn: hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed5<\/strong>, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam danh ti\u1ebfng "Kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef7".<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                              • \n

                                                M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                • \n

                                                  Khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i qu\u1eb7ng, asen v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                • \n

                                                  C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn "niken xanh" \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  3.3 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Niken \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Pin<\/h3>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • \n

                                                    Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>Nhu c\u1ea7u niken \u0111ang t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt do... cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>, v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                  • \n

                                                    Niken d\u00f9ng cho pin (Niken lo\u1ea1i 1)<\/strong>: C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken sunfat<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u00e2m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                  • \n

                                                    T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/strong>V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, Thu h\u1ed3i niken t\u1eeb pin \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    3.4 B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Niken trong pin<\/h3>\n
                                                    \n
                                                    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                    Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/th>\nChi ti\u1ebft<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u00e2m<\/td>\nNCM\/NCA h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/td>\nM\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                    M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nT\u0103ng l\u00ean do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t pin t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                    Chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m chu k\u1ef3<\/td>\nPin b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                    Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 & Ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/td>\nGi\u00e1 niken to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh<\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                    S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t cao<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 (BMS) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                    T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nKh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf<\/td>\nTh\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng niken t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                    3.5 \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h3>\n

                                                    Vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Niken trong pin lithium-ion hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/strong>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t danh \u201cKim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef7\u201d<\/strong>Trong khi n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o coban.<\/strong>, n\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                                                    4. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u niken<\/h2>\n

                                                    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV)<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u niken t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Khi pin lithium-ion\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Pin cat\u1ed1t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao (NCM v\u00e0 NCA)<\/strong>\u2014tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, niken \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong> cho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

                                                    4.1 Niken l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a pin<\/h3>\n

                                                    Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a niken trong pin l\u00e0 t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> trong khi gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o coban<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • \n

                                                      C\u1ef1c \u00e2m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/strong>Pin NCM811 (80% Ni, 10% Co, 10% Mn) v\u00e0 NCA (Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum) cho ph\u00e9p xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 pin nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                    • \n

                                                      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>Ngo\u00e0i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, pin gi\u00e0u niken ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy m\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                    • \n

                                                      T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed pin<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                      4.2 Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o<\/h3>\n

                                                      Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi niken:<\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • \n

                                                        M\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/strong>V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2025 35% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong> D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o pin lithium-ion.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                      • \n

                                                        D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2040, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 40\u201350% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 niken<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                      • \n

                                                        Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng niken h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb NCM622 (60% Ni) sang NCM811 (80% Ni) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xa h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                        4.3 Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

                                                        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhu c\u1ea7u niken \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        1. \n

                                                          S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung theo \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m: Indonesia, Philippines, Nga, \u00dac v\u00e0 Canada<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                        2. \n

                                                          S\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm niken ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong>: Lo\u1ea1i pin Niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/strong> (\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u226599,98%) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng sunfua, ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                        3. \n

                                                          \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>Qu\u1eb7ng laterit (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: limonit v\u00e0 saprolit) c\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00edch ly axit \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (HPAL)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken d\u00f9ng cho pin, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                        4. \n

                                                          Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1<\/strong>Gi\u00e1 niken t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. chi ph\u00ed pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                          4.4 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 niken b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h3>\n

                                                          \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          • \n

                                                            T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin<\/strong>Pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. niken t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/strong>, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf nguy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                          • \n

                                                            S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Niken b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn "niken xanh" nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken \u00edt ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau: HPAL s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong> v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                          • \n

                                                            Kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/strong>Niken t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o... chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng pin b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong>\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                            4.5 B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Nhu c\u1ea7u niken tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
                                                            \n
                                                            \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                            Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/th>\nChi ti\u1ebft<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                            \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng pin<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m NCM\/NCA h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                            D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n40\u201350% niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong pin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040<\/td>\nT\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                            H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung theo \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, khan hi\u1ebfm lo\u1ea1i 1<\/td>\nNguy c\u01a1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngu\u1ed3n cung.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                            Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\nTinh luy\u1ec7n qu\u1eb7ng laterit HPAL v\u00e0 sunfua<\/td>\nChi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                            T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/td>\nT\u00e1i ch\u1ebf & niken xanh<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n cung.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                            4.6 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/h3>\n

                                                            Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u niken ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb niken nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o coban, nh\u01b0ng... r\u1ee7i ro chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken \u00edt ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                            5. Niken lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/h2>\n

                                                            \"L\u1edbp<\/p>\n

                                                            Niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn niken c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/strong> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 99.8% tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/strong>, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng niken c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong Pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV), h\u1ee3p kim hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken sunfat<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi niken lo\u1ea1i 2, lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

                                                            5.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • \n

                                                              Niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft: \u226599,8%; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p pin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                            • \n

                                                              Niken lo\u1ea1i 2<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (<99,8%); \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                            • \n

                                                              Niken d\u00f9ng cho pin<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb niken lo\u1ea1i 1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra niken sunfat (NiSO\u2084)<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u00e2m lithium-ion h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/strong> nh\u01b0 NCM811 v\u00e0 NCA.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                              5.2 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              1. \n

                                                                M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                                                • \n

                                                                  C\u00e1c cat\u1ed1t gi\u00e0u niken \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi niken c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/strong>, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m xa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                • \n

                                                                  Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 niken trong cat\u1ed1t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb NCM622 l\u00ean NCM811) s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n... t\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                • \n

                                                                  T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                                                  • \n

                                                                    T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/strong>, suy gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                  • \n

                                                                    Niken lo\u1ea1i 1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea1c-x\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                  • \n

                                                                    T\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                                                    • \n

                                                                      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n cung niken lo\u1ea1i 1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                    • \n

                                                                      B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a niken lo\u1ea1i 1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn... Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                      5.3 Ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p Niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/h3>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      1. \n

                                                                        Qu\u1eb7ng niken sunfua<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                                                        • \n

                                                                          Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh<\/strong> thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i niken c\u1ea5p 1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                        • \n

                                                                          Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Nam Phi, Nga, Canada v\u00e0 \u00dac.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                        • \n

                                                                          \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                        • \n

                                                                          Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t<\/strong>, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                        • \n

                                                                          Qu\u1eb7ng niken laterit (Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecf \/ Limonit & Saprolit)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                            \n
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                                                                            \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Indonesia, Philippines v\u00e0 New Caledonia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                          • \n

                                                                            Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00edch ly axit \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (HPAL)<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y luy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                          • \n

                                                                            \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                          • \n

                                                                            Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                            5.4 Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/h3>\n
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                                                                              Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ebf niken \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u226599,8% r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                            • \n

                                                                              M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>C\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn sunfua v\u00e0 laterit \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i, kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i qu\u1eb7ng<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                            • \n

                                                                              An ninh ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/strong>S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n niken c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao khi\u1ebfn chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                              5.5 Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h3>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              1. \n

                                                                                T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng niken HPAL t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng laterit<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1eb7ng sunfua \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                              2. \n

                                                                                T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin<\/strong>Thu h\u1ed3i niken lo\u1ea1i 1 t\u1eeb pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                              3. \n

                                                                                S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken xanh v\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/strong>, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                5.6 B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Niken lo\u1ea1i 1 d\u00f9ng cho pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                                \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                                                T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nChi ti\u1ebft<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                                                \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/td>\n\u226599,8%<\/td>\nC\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho niken sunfat d\u00f9ng trong pin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nQu\u1eb7ng sunfua, qu\u1eb7ng laterit<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh an ninh ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m NCM\/NCA, h\u1ee3p kim hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\nPin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\nT\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed cao, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td>\nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/td>\nT\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/h3>\n

                                                                                Niken lo\u1ea1i 1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin lithium-ion hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n.<\/strong>, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m xa v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho niken lo\u1ea1i 1 trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng pin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                                                                                \n

                                                                                6. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng niken v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n

                                                                                \"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

                                                                                Niken ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb hai lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh: qu\u1eb7ng sunfua<\/strong> V\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng laterit (qu\u1eb7ng oxit)<\/strong>M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn... chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng niken to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong>, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin.<\/p>\n

                                                                                6.1 Qu\u1eb7ng niken sunfua<\/h3>\n

                                                                                \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • \n

                                                                                  Gi\u00e0u sunfua niken (NiS)<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf coban, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                • \n

                                                                                  Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong>, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1\u20133%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                • \n

                                                                                  D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tinh ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh Niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/strong>, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p pin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                  X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

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                                                                                  • \n

                                                                                    \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> (d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                  • \n

                                                                                    \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 tinh luy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c niken c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (>99,8%).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                    C\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sunfua ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                      Nga<\/strong>Norilsk Nickel (nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sunfua l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                      Canada<\/strong>L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Sudbury<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                      Nam Phi<\/strong>Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Bushveld<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                      \u00dac<\/strong>N\u00fai Keith, Kambalda<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                      \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>Qu\u1eb7ng sunfua cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/strong>, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin lithium-ion, h\u1ee3p kim h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                      6.2 Qu\u1eb7ng niken laterit<\/h3>\n

                                                                                      \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                        Qu\u1eb7ng gi\u00e0u oxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phong h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 si\u00eau mafic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                        Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m limonit (FeO(OH)\u00b7nH\u2082O)<\/strong> V\u00e0 Saprolit (silicat Mg, Fe)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                        H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n qu\u1eb7ng sunfua (1\u20132%)<\/strong>nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi l\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                        X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                          Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y luy\u1ec7n<\/strong>, bao g\u1ed3m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00edch ly axit \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (HPAL)<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean amoniac \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 pin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                          T\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u1eb7ng sunfua.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                          C\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1eb7ng laterit ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                            Indonesia<\/strong>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u; tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1eb7ng laterit phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p HPAL.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                            Philippines<\/strong>: Qu\u1eb7ng limonit v\u00e0 saprolit quan tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                            New Caledonia<\/strong>Niken saprolit ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                            Brazil v\u00e0 Cuba<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ecf nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                            \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>Qu\u1eb7ng laterit l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p niken tinh khi\u1ebft cao trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sunfua gi\u1ea3m, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                            6.3 So s\u00e1nh qu\u1eb7ng sunfua v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng laterit<\/h3>\n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                            \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                                                            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nQu\u1eb7ng niken sunfua<\/th>\nQu\u1eb7ng niken laterit<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                                                            H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Niken<\/td>\n1\u20133%<\/td>\n1\u20132%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                            \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/td>\nCao (Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi L\u1edbp 1)<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HPAL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                            Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\nLuy\u1ec7n kim nhi\u1ec7t (n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, tinh luy\u1ec7n)<\/td>\nLuy\u1ec7n kim th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c (HPAL)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                            C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nNga, Canada, Nam Phi, \u00dac<\/td>\nIndonesia, Philippines, New Caledonia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                            Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td>\nGi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi niken d\u00f9ng cho pin<\/td>\nChi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                            T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim<\/td>\nCao h\u01a1n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc axit v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                            6.4 Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                              C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              1. \n

                                                                                                Indonesia<\/strong> \u2013 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong ngu\u1ed3n cung niken laterit cho pin<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                              2. \n

                                                                                                Philippines<\/strong> \u2013 qu\u1eb7ng limonit v\u00e0 saprolit ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                              3. \n

                                                                                                Nga<\/strong> \u2013 qu\u1eb7ng sunfua t\u1eeb Norilsk<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                              4. \n

                                                                                                \u00dac v\u00e0 Canada<\/strong> \u2013 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qu\u1eb7ng sunfua v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng laterit<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                              5. \n

                                                                                                Ngu\u1ed3n tin m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i<\/strong>Khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf niken d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u. pin h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                              6. \n

                                                                                                \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung theo \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 niken<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p niken \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                6.5 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                1. \n

                                                                                                  Qu\u1eb7ng sunfua<\/strong>: C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, d\u1ec5 tinh ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                2. \n

                                                                                                  Qu\u1eb7ng laterit<\/strong>: D\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (HPAL), ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng khi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sunfua gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                3. \n

                                                                                                  s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong>Indonesia, Philippines, Nga, Canada v\u00e0 Australia chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn... \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                4. \n

                                                                                                  Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, niken xanh v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. nhu c\u1ea7u pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                  7. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a pin h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/h2>\n

                                                                                                  Pin lithium-ion h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 NCM811 (Niken-Cobalt-Mangan)<\/strong> V\u00e0 NCA (Niken-Coban-Nh\u00f4m)<\/strong>\u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/strong>nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                  7.1 Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a pin h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  1. \n

                                                                                                    T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                      C\u00e1c cat\u1ed1t c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao h\u01a1n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                      Nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean n\u1ebfu pin b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                      Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin (BMS)<\/strong> V\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/strong> Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                      Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                        Pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n<\/strong> b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m<\/strong> trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea1c-x\u1ea3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                        L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                        S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                                          T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong niken ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn: ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh dendrite v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                                          Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ef1c cao (niken lo\u1ea1i 1)<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                          7.2 Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          1. \n

                                                                                                            Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 Niken<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                                              Pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao c\u1ea7n niken lo\u1ea1i 1 d\u00f9ng cho pin<\/strong>Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                                              Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi ph\u00ed pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngu\u1ed3n cung t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                                              Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean niken ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              • \n

                                                                                                                Qu\u1eb7ng sunfua \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng laterit c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c. x\u1eed l\u00fd HPAL ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                              • \n

                                                                                                                S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken \u1edf Indonesia, Philippines, Nga v\u00e0 Canada<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                              • \n

                                                                                                                Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                • \n

                                                                                                                  C\u00e1c cat\u1ed1t c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n<\/strong>\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                  7.3 Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                  1. \n

                                                                                                                    T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                                      Khai th\u00e1c niken, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng laterit<\/strong>s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i qu\u1eb7ng, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                                      C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                                      H\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pin<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                                        N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                        7.4 Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong ng\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        1. \n

                                                                                                                          T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf niken<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                                                            Niken thu h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p niken lo\u1ea1i 1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                                                            T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                                                            S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken xanh v\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                                                              C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken v\u1edbi HPAL s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong> \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                                                              \u201cNiken xanh\u201d h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn pin trung h\u00f2a carbon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                                                              \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                              • \n

                                                                                                                                Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cat\u1ed1t, ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao<\/strong> C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                              • \n

                                                                                                                                Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong pin th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o niken v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                              • \n

                                                                                                                                Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                • \n

                                                                                                                                  C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin \u0111ang d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb NCM622 (60% Ni)<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebeN NCM811 (80% Ni)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                                • \n

                                                                                                                                  \u0110a ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch tr\u1eef chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c niken lo\u1ea1i 1<\/strong> gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                  7.5 B\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a pin h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                  \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                  Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/th>\nTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/th>\nXu h\u01b0\u1edbng\/Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong ng\u00e0nh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                                                                                                  S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n<\/td>\nHi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (BMS), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                                                                  Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/td>\nSuy gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nL\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cat\u1ed1t, ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                                                                  Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/td>\nBi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 niken, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung theo \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0110a ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng, t\u00edch tr\u1eef, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                                                                  Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh HPAL, niken lo\u1ea1i 1 d\u00f9ng cho pin<\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 niken xanh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                                                                  M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nKh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i pin<\/td>\nT\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                                                                                  Ch\u1ee3<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb NCM622 sang NCM811<\/td>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m xa, c\u1ef1c \u00e2m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                                                                                                  7.6 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/h3>\n

                                                                                                                                  Pin c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao l\u00e0 Quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong>nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t niken xanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cat\u1ed1t<\/strong> \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  8. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n

                                                                                                                                  Niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cKim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef7\u201d<\/strong> do n\u00f3 M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong x\u1eed l\u00fd, r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3.<\/strong>N\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin lithium-ion hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, trong khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf niken, niken s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p pin<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                                                                  1. Origin and Discovery of Nickel Nickel, a silvery-white metal with the chemical symbol Ni, has a fascinating history that dates back to the 17th century. Its name originates from the German word \u201cKupfernickel\u201d, which literally means \u201cOld Nick\u2019s copper\u201d or \u201cfalse copper.\u201d German miners gave it this name because […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21084,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNickel in Batteries: The Devil\u2019s Metal Explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover why nickel is called the Devil\u2019s Metal, its physical and chemical properties, role in high-nickel lithium-ion batteries, Class 1 nickel importance, global ore distribution, and EV market demand trends.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cementindustrial.com\/vi\/kim-loai-niken-trong-pin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta 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