{"id":21753,"date":"2026-05-14T09:22:21","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T09:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cementindustrial.com\/?p=21753"},"modified":"2026-05-14T09:22:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T09:22:21","slug":"amelioration-de-lutilisation-des-carburants-alternatifs-grace-a-un-precalcinateur-a-etages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cementindustrial.com\/fr\/enhancing-alternative-fuel-utilisation-with-a-stair-step-precalciner\/","title":{"rendered":"Am\u00e9lioration de l'utilisation des carburants alternatifs gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un pr\u00e9calcinateur \u00e0 \u00e9tages"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Am\u00e9lioration<\/h2>\n

\u00c9tude de cas d'une ligne de production de clinker de 5\u00a0000 tonnes par jour en Chine<\/h2>\n

Abstrait<\/h2>\n

Face \u00e0 la pression croissante exerc\u00e9e sur l'industrie du ciment pour r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de carbone, l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs<\/a> L\u2019utilisation de combustibles alternatifs (CA) dans la production de clinker continue de se d\u00e9velopper. Cependant, les combustibles \u00e0 forte teneur en humidit\u00e9, \u00e0 faible pouvoir calorifique et \u00e0 composition instable provoquent souvent une instabilit\u00e9 thermique, une combustion incompl\u00e8te et la formation de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts lorsqu\u2019ils sont inject\u00e9s directement dans les syst\u00e8mes de calcination conventionnels.<\/p>\n

Cet article pr\u00e9sente l'application d'un syst\u00e8me de pr\u00e9calcination par \u00e9tapes (SSP) chez Jincheng Shanshui Heju Cement Co Ltd en Chine. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'introduction d'une chambre de combustion d\u00e9di\u00e9e en amont du calcinateur, le syst\u00e8me permet le s\u00e9chage, la pyrolyse et la combustion par \u00e9tapes de combustibles alternatifs avant leur introduction dans le four. Les r\u00e9sultats d'exploitation d\u00e9montrent des taux de substitution stables de 20 \u00e0 251 % de TP3T, ainsi qu'une meilleure stabilit\u00e9 du four, une efficacit\u00e9 de combustion accrue, des \u00e9missions de CO\u2082 r\u00e9duites et des gains \u00e9conomiques significatifs.<\/p>\n

1 Introduction<\/h1>\n

Alors que les objectifs de d\u00e9carbonation continuent de se durcir \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale, l'industrie du ciment subit une pression croissante pour r\u00e9duire sa consommation de combustibles fossiles et ses \u00e9missions de CO\u2082.<\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, l'utilisation de la biomasse, des d\u00e9chets solides industriels, des CSR et d'autres combustibles alternatifs dans la production de clinker a suscit\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat croissant. Compar\u00e9s au charbon conventionnel, ces combustibles pr\u00e9sentent des avantages environnementaux ind\u00e9niables. Toutefois, leur utilisation \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle soul\u00e8ve \u00e9galement d'importants d\u00e9fis op\u00e9rationnels.<\/p>\n

De nombreux combustibles alternatifs pr\u00e9sentent une forte teneur en humidit\u00e9, un pouvoir calorifique instable et une granulom\u00e9trie irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Leur injection directe dans le four de calcination peut entra\u00eener une \u00e9vaporation rapide de l'humidit\u00e9, perturbant ainsi l'\u00e9quilibre thermique du syst\u00e8me et provoquant des fluctuations de temp\u00e9rature.<\/p>\n

Parall\u00e8lement, les grosses particules de combustible ont souvent un temps de s\u00e9jour insuffisant, ce qui entra\u00eene une combustion incompl\u00e8te. Les mati\u00e8res imbr\u00fbl\u00e9es qui p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans le four peuvent intensifier la circulation du soufre et des alcalis, augmentant ainsi le risque d'accumulation, d'instabilit\u00e9 du rev\u00eatement et de probl\u00e8mes de qualit\u00e9 du clinker.<\/p>\n

Fournir un temps et un espace de combustion suffisants pour les combustibles difficiles est donc devenu une condition essentielle pour atteindre des taux de substitution plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sans compromettre la stabilit\u00e9 du four.<\/p>\n

Pour relever ces d\u00e9fis, Jincheng Shanshui Heju Cement Co Ltd a mis en \u0153uvre un syst\u00e8me de pr\u00e9calcination en escalier sur sa ligne de production de clinker de 5000 tonnes par jour.<\/p>\n

2. Aper\u00e7u du projet<\/h1>\n

2.1 Contexte du projet<\/h2>\n

Le projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en \u0153uvre sur une ligne de production de clinker situ\u00e9e dans la province du Shanxi, en Chine.<\/p>\n

Les principaux objectifs \u00e9taient les suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • r\u00e9duire la consommation de charbon<\/li>\n
  • augmentation de l'utilisation des carburants alternatifs<\/li>\n
  • r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO\u2082<\/li>\n
  • am\u00e9lioration de la stabilit\u00e9 de fonctionnement du four<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    La capacit\u00e9 de traitement des carburants alternatifs pr\u00e9vue \u00e9tait de 10 \u00e0 15 tph, avec un taux de substitution cible de 20 \u00e0 25% et un potentiel de conception maximal de 28%.<\/p>\n

    2.2 Types de carburant<\/h2>\n

    Le projet utilise principalement\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • r\u00e9sidu de furfural<\/li>\n
    • d\u00e9chets de biomasse<\/li>\n
    • textiles usag\u00e9s<\/li>\n
    • granul\u00e9s de combustible RDF<\/li>\n
    • d\u00e9chets solides industriels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Le r\u00e9sidu de furfural repr\u00e9sente un combustible particuli\u00e8rement difficile en raison de sa teneur \u00e9lev\u00e9e en humidit\u00e9 de 40 \u00e0 50% et de sa valeur calorifique relativement faible d'environ 2000 kcal\/kg.<\/p>\n

      3 Limites de l'injection directe de FA<\/h1>\n

      L'injection directe conventionnelle dans un calcineur pose plusieurs probl\u00e8mes op\u00e9rationnels lors de la manipulation de carburants alternatifs de faible qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      3.1 Instabilit\u00e9 thermique<\/h2>\n

      L'\u00e9vaporation rapide de l'humidit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du four de calcination absorbe de grandes quantit\u00e9s de chaleur et cr\u00e9e des chutes de temp\u00e9rature locales, perturbant la stabilit\u00e9 du four.<\/p>\n

      3.2 Combustion incompl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n

      Les grosses particules de combustible ne br\u00fblent souvent pas compl\u00e8tement en raison d'un temps de s\u00e9jour insuffisant \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du four de calcination.<\/p>\n

      3.3 Augmentation de la circulation du soufre et des alcalis<\/h2>\n

      Les mat\u00e9riaux partiellement br\u00fbl\u00e9s peuvent cr\u00e9er des conditions r\u00e9ductrices qui intensifient les cycles du soufre et des alcalis, augmentant ainsi le risque d'accumulation et de formation d'anneaux.<\/p>\n

      3.4 Fluctuations de la qualit\u00e9 du clinker<\/h2>\n

      Les particules non br\u00fbl\u00e9es qui p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans le syst\u00e8me du four peuvent contribuer \u00e0 la formation d'un clinker \u00e0 c\u0153ur jaune et \u00e0 une qualit\u00e9 de clinker instable.<\/p>\n

      L'exp\u00e9rience d'exploitation montre que la principale limitation ne r\u00e9side pas seulement dans la qualit\u00e9 du combustible lui-m\u00eame, mais aussi dans le manque d'espace de combustion suffisant au sein de la configuration actuelle du calcineur.<\/p>\n

      4 Solution de pr\u00e9calcination en escalier<\/h1>\n

      \"Solution<\/p>\n

      4.1 Concept du syst\u00e8me<\/h2>\n

      Le SSP introduit une chambre de combustion d\u00e9di\u00e9e en amont du calcineur, permettant aux combustibles alternatifs de terminer le s\u00e9chage, la pyrolyse et la majeure partie du processus de combustion avant d'entrer dans le syst\u00e8me de four principal.<\/p>\n

      Compar\u00e9e \u00e0 l'injection directe, cette configuration r\u00e9duit consid\u00e9rablement les perturbations thermiques du fonctionnement du four.<\/p>\n

      4.2 Principaux composants du syst\u00e8me<\/h2>\n

      Le syst\u00e8me SSP se compose principalement de\u00a0:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • syst\u00e8me de stockage et de transport de carburant<\/li>\n
      • syst\u00e8me d'alimentation \u00e0 double vis<\/li>\n
      • chambre de combustion \u00e0 gradins<\/li>\n
      • syst\u00e8me de combustion \u00e0 air tertiaire<\/li>\n
      • syst\u00e8me d'agitation par canon \u00e0 air<\/li>\n
      • syst\u00e8me de surveillance de la temp\u00e9rature en ligne<\/li>\n
      • syst\u00e8me de surveillance par cam\u00e9ra haute temp\u00e9rature<\/li>\n
      • Syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le automatique PLC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Le syst\u00e8me comprend 17 \u00e9tapes au total\u00a0:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • une plateforme de s\u00e9chage et d'allumage<\/li>\n
        • 15 \u00e9tapes de combustion<\/li>\n
        • une section de d\u00e9charge<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          5. Description du processus<\/h1>\n

          \"Description<\/p>\n

          Les carburants alternatifs sont transport\u00e9s vers un silo tampon avant d'entrer dans le SSP par l'interm\u00e9diaire de deux alimentateurs \u00e0 vis.<\/p>\n

          5.1 \u00c9tape de s\u00e9chage<\/h2>\n

          Le combustible p\u00e9n\u00e8tre d'abord dans la plateforme de s\u00e9chage sup\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n

          L'air tertiaire \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature provenant du refroidisseur de clinker, \u00e0 environ 880 \u00b0C, fournit \u00e0 la fois de la chaleur et de l'air de combustion.<\/p>\n

          L'\u00e9vaporation de l'humidit\u00e9 se produit progressivement \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la chambre d\u00e9di\u00e9e, \u00e9vitant ainsi de fortes fluctuations de temp\u00e9rature \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du four de calcination.<\/p>\n

          5.2 \u00c9tape de pyrolyse et de combustion<\/h2>\n

          Apr\u00e8s s\u00e9chage, les combustibles descendent \u00e0 travers les \u00e9tapes de combustion.<\/p>\n

          Les canons \u00e0 air agitent p\u00e9riodiquement le lit de combustible, am\u00e9liorant la turbulence et augmentant le contact avec l'oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n

          Les particules fines et l\u00e9g\u00e8res sont entra\u00een\u00e9es dans le four de calcination par le flux de gaz chaud, tandis que les particules plus grosses restent sur les marches inf\u00e9rieures pour une combustion plus pouss\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

          Ce m\u00e9canisme de combustion \u00e9tag\u00e9e am\u00e9liore consid\u00e9rablement l'efficacit\u00e9 de la combustion.<\/p>\n

          5.3 Contr\u00f4le du temps de s\u00e9jour<\/h2>\n

          Le temps de s\u00e9jour peut \u00eatre ajust\u00e9 en modifiant la fr\u00e9quence du canon \u00e0 air, le volume d'air tertiaire et le d\u00e9bit d'alimentation.<\/p>\n

          En fonction des caract\u00e9ristiques du combustible, les mati\u00e8res peuvent rester \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du SSP jusqu'\u00e0 20 minutes.<\/p>\n

          6 Performances op\u00e9rationnelles<\/h1>\n

          \"performances<\/p>\n

          6.1 Taux de substitution plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/h2>\n

          Le syst\u00e8me a atteint des taux de substitution stables de 20 \u00e0 25%, avec un potentiel de conception maximal de 28%.<\/p>\n

          6.2 Am\u00e9lioration de la stabilit\u00e9 du four<\/h2>\n

          Comme l'\u00e9vaporation de l'humidit\u00e9 et la combustion primaire se produisent \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du SSP, les fluctuations de temp\u00e9rature du calcineur ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duites.<\/p>\n

          Les r\u00e9sultats d'exploitation ont montr\u00e9\u00a0:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • fonctionnement du four plus stable<\/li>\n
          • perturbation thermique r\u00e9duite<\/li>\n
          • risque d'accumulation plus faible<\/li>\n
          • continuit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me am\u00e9lior\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            6.3 Am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 du clinker<\/h2>\n

            La r\u00e9duction des r\u00e9sidus de mati\u00e8re non br\u00fbl\u00e9e a entra\u00een\u00e9 une diminution des probl\u00e8mes de clinker \u00e0 c\u0153ur jaune et une qualit\u00e9 de clinker plus stable.<\/p>\n

            6.4 Avantages environnementaux<\/h2>\n

            Ce projet devrait permettre de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO\u2082 d'environ 20 000 tonnes par an.<\/p>\n

            La conception int\u00e9gr\u00e9e en ligne ne cr\u00e9e aucun point d'\u00e9mission suppl\u00e9mentaire, tandis que les conditions de haute temp\u00e9rature \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du syst\u00e8me de four favorisent la destruction des COV et autres polluants organiques.<\/p>\n

            Les conditions r\u00e9ductrices locales \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du syst\u00e8me contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de NOx et de la consommation d'ammoniac.<\/p>\n

            6.5 Avantages \u00e9conomiques<\/h2>\n

            Prenons l'exemple des r\u00e9sidus de furfural\u00a0:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u00e9conomies annuelles de charbon : environ 11 300 tonnes<\/li>\n
            • \u00c9conomies annuelles sur les co\u00fbts de carburant : environ 7,9 millions de RMB<\/li>\n
            • \u00c9conomies annuelles d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 : environ 170 000 RMB<\/li>\n
            • Valeur annuelle de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone : environ 2 millions de RMB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice \u00e9conomique annuel total d\u00e9passe 3,6 millions de RMB.<\/p>\n

              7 Recommandations op\u00e9rationnelles<\/h1>\n

              7.1 Gestion de la qualit\u00e9 du carburant<\/h2>\n

              Il est recommand\u00e9 de m\u00e9langer des combustibles ayant des valeurs calorifiques et des teneurs en humidit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes afin de r\u00e9duire les fluctuations thermiques.<\/p>\n

              7.2 R\u00e9gulation de la temp\u00e9rature<\/h2>\n

              Une entr\u00e9e pour aliments crus est pr\u00e9vue pour absorber l'exc\u00e8s de chaleur et \u00e9viter la surchauffe locale.<\/p>\n

              7.3 Automatisation avanc\u00e9e<\/h2>\n

              Le contr\u00f4le automatique du d\u00e9bit d'alimentation, du flux d'air tertiaire et du fonctionnement du canon \u00e0 air am\u00e9liore encore la stabilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me et l'efficacit\u00e9 de la combustion.<\/p>\n

              8 Conclusion<\/h1>\n

              Avec l'augmentation constante de l'utilisation des carburants alternatifs dans l'industrie cimenti\u00e8re, les m\u00e9thodes d'injection directe classiques deviennent de plus en plus insuffisantes pour la gestion des carburants de faible qualit\u00e9 difficiles \u00e0 traiter.<\/p>\n

              Le projet Jincheng d\u00e9montre que le pr\u00e9calcinateur \u00e0 \u00e9tages offre un environnement de combustion stable et efficace pour les combustibles \u00e0 forte teneur en humidit\u00e9 et \u00e0 faible pouvoir calorifique, am\u00e9liorant consid\u00e9rablement l'efficacit\u00e9 de combustion et les taux de substitution tout en r\u00e9duisant les perturbations thermiques du syst\u00e8me de four.<\/p>\n

              Outre les \u00e9conomies substantielles de charbon et la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone qu'elle permet, cette technologie am\u00e9liore \u00e9galement la stabilit\u00e9 du four et la qualit\u00e9 du clinker, offrant ainsi une voie pratique pour la transition bas carbone de l'industrie cimenti\u00e8re.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              A Case Study from a 5000tpd Clinker Production Line in China Abstract As the cement industry faces increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the use of alternative fuels (AFs) in clinker production continues to expand. However, fuels with high moisture content, low calorific value and unstable composition often cause thermal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21756,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEnhancing Alternative Fuel Utilisation with a Stair-Step Precalciner<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cementindustrial.com\/fr\/amelioration-de-lutilisation-des-carburants-alternatifs-grace-a-un-precalcinateur-a-etages\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enhancing Alternative Fuel Utilisation with a Stair-Step Precalciner\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Case Study from a 5000tpd Clinker Production Line in China Abstract As the cement industry faces increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the use of alternative fuels (AFs) in clinker production continues to expand. 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